Biomedicine and Nursing
Quarterly
Volume 4 - Issue 1 (Cumulated No. 12), March 25, 2018. (COVER)
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Welcome to send your manuscript to: editor@sciencepub.net, nbmeditor@gmail.com
When you submit manuscript(s), please mention that it is submitted to Biomedicine and Nursing.


1. Phytochemical Compositions of Gnetum africanum (Okazi) Root
*Ihedimbu, C.P., Ayalogu, E.O. and Essien, E.B.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, P.M.B. 5323, Choba, 500004 Port Harcourt, Nigeria. amakaihedimbu@yahoo.com


​Abstract: The phytochemical compositions of Gnetum africanum (Okazi) root were evaluated. Proximate analyses of the raw dry root sample revealed carbohydrate content of 37.50±0.02% as the highest followed by ash content of 18.70±0.06%, fibre content of 9.53±0.06%, lipid content of 7.06±0.06%, moisture content of 5.52±0.03% and protein content of 2.80±0.02% as the least. The percentage quantitative phytochemical composition of G. africanum root ranged from sparteine 0.1±0.01 as the least, Phytate 0.67±0.01, Epicartechin 1.35±0.02, Rutin 3.13±0.03, Anthrocyanin 3.54±0.01, Ribalinidine 3.68 ± 0.06, Phenol 4.84 ± 0.05, Kaempterol 6.26 ± 0.02, Lunamarine 7.66 ± 0.02, Naringerin 18.76 ± 0.03 and Catechin 25.23 ± 0.04 with the highest phytochemical quantitatively. The qualitative phytochemical composition of G. africanum root showed that alkaloid, carbohydrate, saponins and cardiac glucoside were moderately present expressed as (++), flavonoid, tannin, protein and resins were present in low concentration expressed as (+) while terpenoids and steroid were completely absent expressed as (-). The phytochemical components were high enough to contribute to the antioxidant need from the diet.
[Ihedimbu, C.P., Ayalogu, E.O. and Essien, E.B. Phytochemical Compositions of Gnetum africanum (Okazi) Root.Biomedicine and Nursing 2018;4(1): 1-9]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 1. doi:10.7537/marsbnj040118.01.
Key words: Gnetum africanum, Phytochemical, Phytate, flavonoid, tannin, antioxidant.


​2. Review Biomedical Improvement of IVF Technology in Developed and Undeveloped Countries
Mostafa Asghari Dilmani1, Yadollah Omidi2
1. PhD in Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
2. PhD in Pharmaceutics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

mosti.asghari@gmail.com


​Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is review of biomedical improvement of IVF technology in several countries to investigate their conditions about this important issue; all based on biomedical perspective. So, some main factors such as growth, regulatory laws, infertility ratio for IVF acceptance both by government and people were investigated. To date these intentions and declarations have hardly been translated into the formulation and implementation of concrete, comprehensive and systematic infertility care. We considered 10 countries for this purpose and finally we suggest some critical ways to more and fast improvement for growth and development of biomedical improvement of IVF technology.
[Mostafa Asghari Dilmani, Yadollah Omidi. Review Biomedical Improvement of IVF Technology in Developed and Undeveloped Countries. Biomedicine and Nursing 2018;4(1): 10-13]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 2. doi:10.7537/marsbnj040118.02.
Keywords: Biomedical Improvement, IVF Technology, regulatory of IVF

3. Predicting Factors on Cervical Ripening and Response to Induction in Over 37 Weeks Pregnant Women
Fatemeh Bahadori 1, Hale Ayatollahi 1,2, Mohammad Naghavi-Behzad 3, Hamidreza Khalkhali 4, Zilla Naseri 1
1: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Urmia University of Medical  Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
2: Mother & Infant Research Center, Urmia University of medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
3: Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
4: PHD of Statistics, Urmia University of Medical  Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Corresponding Author: Hale Ayatollahi; Mother & Infant Research Center, Kowsar center, Motahhari Hospital, Urmia University of medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. Email: hayatollahi@yahoo.com


Abstract: Induction of labor is conducted in special fetal or maternal conditions.  Labor is induced in about 20 percent of women. The aim of this study was realizing the relationship between some factors and cervical ripening and also response to induction so we could predict Induction outcome much better. The present prospective study was based on 101 pregnancy cases admitted at labor ward in Urumieh from March 2010 until December 2010. Maternal age ranges from 17 to 41 years and the gestational age between 37 to 42 weeks according to an ultrasound or reliable last menstrual period, as criteria of study inclusion. After admission, patients had vaginal speculum for R/O of PPROM, Abdominal Ultrasonography for biometry and Amniotic fluid Index, transperineal Ultrasonography for measuring fetal head distance to maternal perineum, and vaginal Ultrasonography for measuring cervical length and posterior angle of fetal head with cervix. Bishop score was assigned with another person. Labor was induced by administering either intravaginal misoprostol (25 microgram every six hours for bishop score lower than 7) or intravenous oxytocin (low dose regimen for bishop score equal to or more than 7). Misoprostol was used for 75 patients and 26 patients had induction of labor with low dose oxytocin. Eighty one patients had NVD while 20 were delivered via Cesarean Section. For cervical ripening, Bishop Score (P<0.001), cervical length (P= 0.04) and parity (P= 0.06) were predicting factors. The cervical posterior angle P=0.02 had predicting role in natural delivery. The cervical posterior angle was a predicting factor for natural delivery. Altough cervical length, BMI, and parity were not predicting factors for natural delivery, these factors were good predictors for cervical ripening.
[Fatemeh Bahadori, Hale Ayatollahi, Mohammad Naghavi-Behzad, Hamidreza Khalkhali, Zilla Naseri.Predicting Factors on Cervical Ripening and Response to Induction in Over 37 Weeks Pregnant Women. Biomedicine and Nursing 2018;4(1): 14-21]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 3. doi:10.7537/marsbnj040118.03.
Key words: Successful induction, Normal vaginal delivery, Cesarean Section, Cervical ripening, Abdominal Ultrasonography, Amniotic fluid Index


4. Vigor evaluation of fifteen months stored delinted Gossypium hirsutum L. varieties picked at different intervals
1Dayal, A., 2Mor, V.S., 3Dahiya, O.S., 4Punia, R.C.
1Assistant Professor Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University Agriculture Technology and Sciences.
2Assistant Professor, Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University.
3 Principal Scientist, Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University.
4Principal Scientist, Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University.


Abstract: Seed ageing is influenced by two factors moisture and temperature. The deterioration of the stored seed is a natural phenomenon and the seeds tend to lose viability even under ideal storage conditions. The present study was carried out in the Department of Seed Science and Technology Section, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. This study aimed at evaluating efficiency of different pickings of cotton seed vigor potential during storage. Thereby, three American cotton varieties H-1098 (I), H-1117 and H-1236 were taken into account, were picked at different intervals and after ginning and delinting, initial seed vigor evaluation was done and seeds were stored under controlled condition at 200 C with 6 per cent moisture content for fifteen months. Evaluations of germination per cent, seedling length, seedling weight, vigor indices were performed after five, ten and fifteen months of storage (5, 10, 15 months). It was observed that seed samples of second pick stored seed showed higher vigor followed by first pick stored sample whereas minimum was recorded under third pick stored sample.
[Dayal, A., Mor, V.S., Dahiya, O.S., Punia, R.C. Vigor evaluation of fifteen months stored delinted Gossypium hirsutum L. varieties picked at different intervals. Biomedicine and Nursing 2018;4(1): 22-26]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 4. doi:10.7537/marsbnj040118.04.

Keywords: picking, storage, vigor, seed germination, vigor indices


5. Effect of magnesium sulfate on hemodynamic response to endotracheal intubation and carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Masood Entezariasl1, Khatereh Isazadehfar 2*, Zeinab Hasani3
1.  Professor of Anesthesiology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
2.  Corresponding author: Assistant professor of community and Preventive Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. Email: kh.isazadehfar@arums.ac.ir, Tel: 00984533522100
3.  General practitioner, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran


Abstract: Background: Endotracheal intubation and carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy changes hemodynamic parameters. According to magnesium effect on the inhibition of catecholamine release and attenuate vasopressin-stimulated vasoconstriction, this study was performed to reduce the hemodynamic effects during tracheal intubation and pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Material and methods: In prospective triple-blind clinical trial, 60 patients 18- 70 years old undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to one of two groups: intervention group (30 mg/kg magnesium sulfate) and control group (1.5 mg/kg lidocaine). Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded before laryngoscopy (baseline value), immediately and every minute after intubation until 5 minute and before and 5, 10, 15, 30 min after pneumoperitoneum. Results: Mean arterial pressure was low in magnesium sulfate group than control group throughout the study period and was statistically significant at before insufflation and 5 minute after insufflation (p=0.005). Heart rate in magnesium sulfate group was higher than control group throughout the study period (P>0.05). Conclusion: Using magnesium sulfate 30 mg/kg in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy can attenuate mean arterial pressure change in pneumoperitoneum than lidocaine.
[Masood Entezariasl Khatereh Isazadehfar, Zeinab Hasani. Effect of magnesium sulfate on hemodynamic response to endotracheal intubation and carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Biomedicine and Nursing 2018;4(1): 27-31]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 5. doi:10.7537/marsbnj040118.05.
Keywords: Tracheal intubation, pneumoperitoneum, magnesium sulfate, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, hemodynamic.


6. Factors Associated With Malnutrition Among Under-Five Children In Developing Countries: A Review
Kalu1, R. E. And Etim2, K. D.
1Federal Medical Center, Yenogoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
2Department of Public Health, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria


Abstract: Malnutrition is a consequence of consumption of dietary nutrient either insufficiently or exclusively by especially children. The aim of this study was to carry out a review of malnutrition-dependent factors among under-five children in developing countries. The study was carried out by reviewing publications on researches on malnutrition conducted in Africa and Asia with particular reference to factors associated with malnutrition. It was found that, of the 162 million children under five years who were stunted, 36% of them resided in Africa while 56% were found in Asia. It was also observed that an estimated 60 million under-five children in developing countries were found to be stunted out of which 11 million were Nigerian children. The severity of childhood malnutrition was observed to steadily increase from 11% in 2003 to 18% in 2013 for wasting; 24% in 2003 to 29% in 2013 for underweight, although there was a decline from 42% in 2003 to 37% in 2013 for stunted children. It was observed that high rates of mortality of malnourished children in Sub-saharan Africa result from factors such as low intake of calories, high rates of HIV/AIDS, political instability, conflicts among groups and poor implementation of government policies. For instance, 50% mortality of malnourished children in Malawi, Burundi and Madagascar were stunted as a result of poor dietary intake or poor consumption of vital nutrient. Other major factors observed were poverty, absence of exclusive breastfeeding, maternal factors such as poor nutrition during pregnancy, lack of appropriate weight gain, poor consumption of vitamin supplement, illness, environmental factors, and socio-economic/household factors, all of which affect the nutritional status of children. In conclusion, governments of developing countries and the global community should work together to remove these factors.
[Kalu, R. E. And Etim, K. D. Factors Associated With Malnutrition Among Under-Five Children In Developing Countries: A Review. Biomedicine and Nursing 2018;4(1): 32-37]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 6. doi:10.7537/marsbnj040118.06.
Keywords: Factor; Associated; Malnutrition; Children; Developing Countries; Review


7. Serotyping and Virulence Genes Detection in Escherichia coli Isolated from Broiler Chickens
Mahmoud, Abd El-Mongy1, Abeer, M. Bayme1, Ghada, M. Abd –El-Moneam2, and Amgad, A. Moawad2
1 Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute" Sadat City University"
2 Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology Dep., Fac.Vet. Med. Kafr –Elsheik University.


Abstract: A total number of 125 chicken samples from apparently healthy broiler chickens (25 and 15), diseased broiler chickens (25 and 15) and freshly dead ones (25 and 20) were collected in winter (from December to February) and summer (from June to August), respectively from Kafr –Elsheik Governorate. In winter season, E. coli was recovered from 43 broiler chickens with an incidence of 57.3% and the incidence of E. coli in apparently healthy broiler chickens was 32%, diseased broiler chickens 64% and in freshly dead ones 76% while in summer season E. coli was recovered from 21 broiler chickens with an incidence 42% represented 26.6% in apparently healthy, 40% in diseased chickens and 55% in freshly dead one. The serogroups of E. coli that obtained by serological identification were O78, O1,O26, O2, O127, O91and O153. The results obtained by multiplex PCR reported that eaeA (intimin or E. coli attaching and effacing) gene detected in O2,O26,O1and O153,ompA (outer membrane protein) gene detected in all E. coli serogroups that isolated O2,O26,O78,O127,O1and O91 except O153. Stx1 gene detected in O2, O26, O78and O91. Stx2 gene detected in O78,O127 and O91.
[Mahmoud, Abd El-Mongy, Abeer, M. Bayme, Ghada, M. Abd –El-Moneam, and Amgad, A. Moawad. Serotyping and Virulence Genes Detection in Escherichia coli Isolated from Broiler Chickens. Biomedicine and Nursing 2018;4(1): 38-41].ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsbnj040118.07.
Keywords: Serotyping; Virulence; Gene; Detection; Escherichia coli; Isolated; Broiler Chicken


8. The evaluation of Laminin α5 and Collagen IV alterations in the mouse testis and epididymis following experimental hypothyroidism, Running title: Hypothyroidism on Laminin α5 and Collagen IV in the testis and epididymis
Fatemeh Alipour1, Mehdi Jalali,1, Mohammad Reza Nikravesh1, Alireza Fazel1, Mojtaba Sankian 2, Elnaz khordad1. 
1. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
2. Bou-Ali Research Institute, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 
Alipourf901@mums.ac.ir


Abstract: Background: the normal function of the thyroid is necessary for maintaining male fertility. It is well known that the thyroid malfunction has a negative impact on male reproductive system. There is some evidence indicating that extracellular matrix (ECM) components involve profoundly in the testis development and function. Adversely, hypothyroidism affects the basement membrane (BM) molecules of various tissues. In this regard, this study was designed to determine whether hypothyroidism alters BM proteins in the mouse testis and epididymis. Materials and Methods: 20 Balb/C male mice were randomly divided into (1) the control group, & (2) the hypothyroid group that were received 0.05% 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU). 35 days later, after the confirmation of hypothyroidism, Real-Time PCR, Immunohistochemistry and PAS staining methods were carried out to evaluate the Collagen IV and Laminin α5 alterations in BM of seminiferous tubules in the testis and epididymis. Results: There was a significant increase in the Laminin α5 and Collagen IV mRNA expression in the hypothyroid group compared to the control group (p). Moreover, a remarkable increase was also observed in the immunoreactivity of BM of the hypothyroid group in comparison with the control group. However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. In addition, the mRNA levels of Laminin α5 and Collagen IV in the epididymis of the hypothyroid mice increased significantly compared to the control group (p). Nonetheless, no significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of immunohistochemistry and PAS staining. The data suggests that hypothyroidism may increase the thickness of seminiferous tubules BM which is possibly due to some abnormal increase in the amount of the Collagen IV and Laminin α5 proteins. 
[Fatemeh Alipour, Mehdi Jalali, Mohammad Reza Nikravesh, Alireza Fazel, Mojtaba Sankian, Elnaz khordad. The evaluation of Laminin α5 and Collagen IV alterations in the mouse testis and epididymis following experimental hypothyroidism,Running title: Hypothyroidism on Laminin α5 and Collagen IV in the testis and epididymis. Biomedicine and Nursing 2018;4(1): 42-52]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 8. doi:10.7537/marsbnj040118.08.
Keywords: Hypothyroidism, basement membrane, laminin α5, collagen IV, testis, epididymis.


9. Phytochemical Compositions of Gnetium africanum (Okazi) Root
*Ihedimbu, C.P., Ayalogu, E.O. and Essien, E.B.
1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, P.M.B. 5323, Choba, 500004 Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
amakaihedimbu@yahoo.com


Abstract: The phytochemical compositions of Gnetum africanum (Okazi) root were evaluated. Proximate analyses of the raw dry root sample revealed carbohydrate content of 37.50±0.02% as the highest followed by ash content of 18.70±0.06%, fibre content of 9.53±0.06%, lipid content of 7.06±0.06%, moisture content of 5.52±0.03% and protein content of 2.80±0.02% as the least. The percentage quantitative phytochemical composition of G. africanum root ranged from sparteine 0.1±0.01 as the least, Phytate 0.67±0.01, Epicartechin 1.35±0.02, Rutin 3.13±0.03, Anthrocyanin 3.54±0.01, Ribalinidine 3.68 ± 0.06, Phenol 4.84 ± 0.05, Kaempterol 6.26 ± 0.02, Lunamarine 7.66 ± 0.02, Naringerin 18.76 ± 0.03 and Catechin 25.23 ± 0.04 with the highest phytochemical quantitatively. The qualitative phytochemical composition of G. africanum root showed that alkaloid, carbohydrate, saponins and cardiac glucoside were moderately present expressed as (++), flavonoid, tannin, protein and resins were present in low concentration expressed as (+) while terpenoids and steroid were completely absent expressed as (-). The phytochemical components were high enough to contribute to the antioxidant need from the diet.
[Ihedimbu, C.P., Ayalogu, E.O. and Essien, E.B. Phytochemical Compositions of Gnetium africanum (Okazi) Root. Biomedicine and Nursing 2018;4(1): 53-61]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 9. doi:10.7537/marsbnj040118.09.
Key words: Gnetum africanum, Phytochemical, Phytate, flavonoid, tannin, antioxidant.


10. Review On Medicinal Value And Other Application Of Neem Tree: Senior Seminar On Animal Health
Abebe Tibebu, Geremew Haile, Abriham Kebede
School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
Corresponding Author: Geremew Haile, email: geremewlov@gmail.com


Abstract: Neem, commonly known as Azadirachta indica is an evergreen, temperature tolerant, flowering plant native to India but now it distributed to other continents of the world. It is among medicinal plants those have a wide range of medicinal values which every part of the tree is used as medicine both locally and after preparation in pharmaceutical industries. It is effective against microorganism and ectoparacites including bacteria, fungi, viruses, ticks and mites. In addition it has antimalarial, anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and wound healing effects. It also used in agriculture as pesticides and fertilizer to increase crop production. Nowadays drug resistance is the main problem in both animals and humans due to use of synthetic products for long period of time which makes this plant to be preferable as alternative to overcome the situation. The tree is also source of feed for animals which is providing a number of nutrients like protein, minerals, fatty acids, vitamins. This implies that they are acquiring the medicine indirectly and become resistance toward diseases. Regardless of its benefit, different researches and reviews those introduce neem to the world have not been done well particularly in Ethiopia when compared to other medicinal plant. An extensive research and development activities should be undertaken by the help of government which allocate budget to study regarding to the tree.
[Abebe Tibebu, Geremew Haile, Abriham Kebede. Review On Medicinal Value And Other Application Of Neem Tree: Senior Seminar On Animal Health. Biomedicine and Nursing 2018;4(1): 62-69]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsbnj040118.10.
Key words: Anticancer, Azadirachtaindica, Medicinal plant, and Microorganisms


11. Anticoccidial effect of garlic on leghorn chickens
1Dese kefyalew 2Berhanu Sibhat, and 3Hailehizeb Cheru 

1Senior clinical expert at Jima University Veterinary Hospital, 2Lecturer at Haramaya University in College of veterinary medicine, 3Lecturer at Burie Poly Technic College Department Of Animal Health P.o. Box. 75, Burie, Ethiopia.
haile12cheru12@gmail.com


Abstract:-An experimental study was conducted from October 2014 to April 2015 at Haramaya University to detect the effect of garlic powder (Allium sativum) in disease of poultry Coccidiosis. Coccidiosis is an important and a major parasitic disease of poultry caused by Eimeria Species. For this purpose, 2months of 30 white leghorns chickens were selected. Simple salt floatation techniques was employed two to three times for coprological examination to check those chickens were free from coccidian disease. Then chickens were divided into 5 equal groups, each of 6 chickens and G1, G2, and G3 were given different concentration of garlic for seven days, after seven days all groups were infected with approximately 50,000 viable sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tennella 1ml with distilled water orally. G1, G2 and G3 were infected and supplemented with garlic powders at 2, 4 and 8 g/L, respectively. G4 was infected and treated with Amprollium at 1.25 g/L but G5 was infected not treated and used as a control group. After 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17 days post treatment excretion of oocysts and blood in feces were examined. Reduction of total oocysts count in garlic supplemented group seen as the dose of garlic increased. From garlic treated group high reduction of oocysts were examined in T3 (8g garlic/L) treated group which is not significantly different from T4 treated by amprollium (P<0.05). It is concluded that Garlic powder was more effective in prevention and control of Coccidiosis so supplementation of garlic in poultry feed is needed to prevent Coccidiosis. [Dese K, Berhanu S, Hailehizeb C. Anticoccidial effect of garlic on leghorn chickens. Biomedicine and Nursing 2018;4(1): 70-74]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 11. doi:10.7537/marsbnj040118.11.
Keywords: Anticoccidial Effect, Chicken Coccidiosis, Garlic


12. DiGeorge Syndrome Can Be Presented with Hydrops and Asubtle Dysmorphic Features
Dr. Sohier Mohammed Ahmed1, Dr. Wahid Ali Agab2, Dr. Suad Rashid Al Amer3
1Senior Resident- Department of Paediatrics BDF Royal Medical Services
2Senior Consultant Paediatrician & Paediatric Infectious Diseases & Rheumatologist Department of Paediatrics BDF Royal Medical Services 
3Consultant Paediatric Cardiologist Department of Cardiology BDF Royal Medical Services 


Abstract: Presentation of digeorge syndrome can be mainly with congenital cardiac defect and affected fetus usually have cardiac anomalies such as truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of fallot, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary atresia or interrupted aortic arch. (4), (5). The most common cardiac defect in a baby with 22q11.2 is truncus arteriosus and interrupted aortic arch.Antenatally polyhydraminos can be detected by ultrasound and fetus microphally, thymic hypoplasia, renal anomalies, and cleft palate can be also detected by ultrasound. We reported acase of neonate born with massive pleural effusion, generalized odema, hydrocele and few dysmorphic features. Fish study confirmed micro deletion of 22 q 11.2 and echo revealed finding of truncus arteriosus 
[Dr. Sohier Mohammed Ahmed, Dr. Wahid Ali Agab, Dr. Suad Rashid Al Amer. DiGeorge Syndrome Can Be Presented with Hydrops and Asubtle Dysmorphic Features. Biomedicine and Nursing 2018;4(1): 75-77]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 12. doi:10.7537/marsbnj040118.12.
Keywords: iGeorge Syndrome; Present; Hydrop; Asubtle Dysmorphic Feature 


13. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in HIV Positive Individuals in FCT, Abuja, Nigeria in relation with their Socio-economic status.
Chizoba Doralis 1, Joshua Ayokunle Ayeni 2
1.Department of Biological Sciences, University Abuja, PMB 119 Abuja Nigeria.
2.Department of Biological Sciences, University Abuja, PMB 119 Abuja Nigeria.

Jayeni45@yahoo.com


Abstract: Studies was conducted on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) positive patients in FCT, Abuja, Nigeria in relation with their socio-economic status. A total of 150 HIV positive consented participants of age range<1- >40 were recruited into the studies from June 2015 to February 2016. Structured questionnaires were used to collect clinical information. Stool samples were collected from each subject for intestinal parasitic examination using direct microscopy and formol-ether concentration method to detect ova, cysts or trophozoites. Six types of intestinal parasites were identified, the most dominant being, Entamoeba histolytica 67.7% Gardia lamblia 9.7%, Ascaris lumbricoides 6.5% and the least being, Isospora belli, Strongyloides stercoralis and Entamoeba coli with a prevalence of 3.2% respectively. There was a significant association between infection status with respondent social economic status. Sources of water had a strong association with infection status (P=0.001), food preparations also had a significant difference with intestinal parasite (P=0.011) and toilet facility also had an association (P=0.02).
[Ayeni J. A, Doralis C. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in HIV Positive Individuals in FCT, Abuja, Nigeria in relation with their Socio-economic status. Biomedicine and Nursing 2018;4(1): 78-82]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 13. doi:10.7537/marsbnj040118.13.
Keywords: prevalence; parasitic infection; Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV)


14. A comparative study of stressors in medical and nursing students of University of Medical Sciences and their correlation with academic progression and course satisfaction in 2011-12
Nahid ZarifSanaiey
Department of Elearning, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Phone number: 00989177105042; sanaieyn@sums.ac.ir
Correspondence Author: Dr. Farhad Pakdel

Department of English, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
ffpakdel@sums.ac.ir


​Abstract: Background: Education at the university level is obviously stressful. Stressful areas often influence student education and health negatively. The general aim of this paper is to study the correlation between stressful areas and students academic progression at the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Mater and Methods: This is a cross-sectional research study. Three hundred and fifteen nursing and medical students of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were chosen by stratified random sampling in 2011-12. This data was collected via a questionnaire which included demographics, stressors at educational, clinical and personal areas and supportive sources while the subjects cope with stress. To determine validity of the questionnaire, content and constructive validity were used. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated by using Cronbach's  [\alpha] in educational (93%), clinical (85%) and personal (90%) areas. The statistical method which was applied in this study included inferential and descriptive analysis. Results: Results included that most students presented mild stress in educational, clinical and personal areas, although it was more noticeable in clinical area. The level of stress decreased in educational and clinical areas with increasing age and it reached the height in these areas in the subjects under the age of 20 (P= 0.003). There was more stress in females than males in educational and clinical areas (P= 0.003). There was more stress in the students of nursing than students of medicine in clinical area (P= 0.04). The level of stress in the subjects who were satisfied with their academic course was lower than subjects who were dissatisfied in clinical area. (p=0.004). There was no significant correlation between academic progression and level of stress at educational, personal and clinical areas. Supportive source were mostly parents, the performance of religious duties and the means to find peace, friends and classmates, brothers and sisters, counselors, and relatives. The results also indicated that some of the students didn't seek help during stress and remained speechless. Conclusion: Considering the fact that most of the subjects presented stress in clinical area, the sources of stress in students, particularly stress caused by educational and clinical areas, must be evaluated carefully. On the other hand, it is necessary to teach students how to reduce and cope with stress.
[Nahid ZarifSanaiey. A comparative study of stressors in medical and nursing students of University of Medical Sciences and their correlation with academic progression and course satisfaction in 2011-12. Biomedicine and Nursing 2018;4(1):83-88]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 14. doi:10.7537/marsbnj040118.14.
Key words: stressful areas, educational, clinical and personal areas, coping strategy, nursing students, medical students.


15. Intrinsically Reliable Biometric Technique Using Wavelet Transform
Afshin shaabany, Fatemeh jamshidi

Sama Technical and Vocational Training College, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Iran afshinshy@yahoo.com


Abstract: intrinsically reliable biometric technique for human recognition Features extraction to a crucial step in recognition, and the trend nowadays is to reduce the size of the extracted features. Special efforts have been applied in order to obtain low templates size and fast verification algorithms. In this paper, an effective eyelids removing method, based on masking it, has been applied. Moreover, an efficient recognition encoding algorithm has been employed. Different combination of wavelet coefficients which quantized with multiple quantization levels are used and the best wavelet coefficients and quantization levels are determined. Experimental results show that this algorithm is efficient and gives favorable results of False Accept Ratio =  0.001% and False Reject Ratio = 1 .011% with a template size of only 364 bits.
[Afshin shaabany, Fatemeh jamshidi. Intrinsically Reliable Biometric Technique Using Wavelet Transform.Biomedicine and Nursing 2018;4(1): 88-93]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online).http://www.nbmedicine.org. 15. doi:10.7537/marsbnj040118.15.
Keywords: Efficient recognition; Feature extraction, Pattern recognition; Wavelets transform.


16. Studies on moisture sorption isotherm and nutritional properties of dried Roselle calyces
Ashaye Olukayode.Adebayo
Institute of Agricultural Research and Training Obafemi Awolowo University P.M.B 5029 Ibadan Nigeria
kayodeashaye@yahoo.com


Abstract: Fruits and vegetables are important in human nutrition and commerce; however, they are seasonal and highly perishable and need to be processed into more stable forms such as so as to derive their maximum benefits. The moisture sorption isotherm and nutritional properties of dried roselle calyces was evaluated. Freshly harvested roselle calyces of dark and light red varieties were sundried and oven dried and evaluated for proximate composition and moisture sorption studies. pH of sundried roselle calyces were higher than oven dried roselle calyces. Also, oven dried dark red Roselle calyces was significantly higher in crude protein, fat, dry matter, moisture and ash Higher values potassium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, iron, zinc and calcium were also found in red Roselle calyces. Vitamin C content of oven dried light red Roselle calyces was significantly lower than Vitamin C of other Roselle calyces at p<0.05. Roselle calyces exhibited the typical three stage sigmoidal curve found in most foods Braunaeur-Emett-Teller (BET Type II). There was also a concomitant increase in the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) as relative humidity increased in all roselle calyces irrespective of the temperature regimes. Sun dried roselle calyces gave the highest rate of water absorption unlike oven dried roselle calyces. In conclusion oven drying is the best method to dry freshly harvested roselle calyces, oven dried dark red roselle calyces was high in nutrient composition and all roselle calyces exhibited the typical three stage sigmoidal curve found in most foods Braunaeur-Emett-Teller (BET Type II).
[Ashaye Olukayode. Adebayo. Studies on moisture sorption isotherm and nutritional properties of dried Roselle calyces. Biomedicine and Nursing 2018;4(1): 94-98]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org.16. doi:10.7537/marsbnj040118.16.
Keywords: Roselle calyces, oven drying, sun drying, moisture sorption isotherm.


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